Is gum disease sneaking up on you? Here’s how to tell 

October 2, 2021
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Affecting the supporting structure around each tooth (called the periodontium), periodontal disease ranges from gingivitis, a mild form that affects only soft tissue, to chronic periodontitis, which digs deeper, impacting bone as well.
​​​​Gum disease, or periodontal disease, isn’t just about your gums—it’s the not-so-silent saboteur of your entire mouth. Affecting the supporting structure around each tooth (called the periodontium), periodontal disease ranges from gingivitis, a mild form that affects only soft tissue, to chronic periodontitis, which digs deeper, impacting bone as well. So, what’s really going on when your gums bleed or your teeth feel a little looser?

Associate Professor Dr Nor Adinar Baharuddin from the University of Malaya’s Faculty of Dentistry explains that the gums are as essential to tooth health as the teeth themselves. She emphasizes that “periodontal disease is a silent condition, often going unnoticed until it’s serious—think shaky teeth or persistent bad breath.”

Early signs and sneaky symptoms
One of the first signs of periodontal disease is gum bleeding while brushing. Many people brush this off (literally), thinking it’s normal, but it’s actually your body’s way of sounding the alarm. Another sign? Plaque buildup, which leads to calculus—a dark, hardened layer around the teeth. As periodontitis progresses, the gums recede, exposing more of the tooth and causing a lengthened appearance and sensitivity.

Gingivitis, an early-stage inflammation of the soft tissue, can be reversed with proper care. But if left unchecked, it may progress into chronic periodontitis—a more serious and irreversible condition where bone loss and soft tissue collapse make teeth appear longer, exposing dentine and cementum, and leading to significant sensitivity.

What’s causing all this? Blame the plaque
Dr Nor Adinar stresses that dental plaque is the main culprit. This sticky buildup triggers gum inflammation, prompting an immune response. In some people, this can lead to a full-blown disease progression, while others may only experience mild gingivitis throughout their lives. “The likelihood of developing chronic periodontitis depends on an individual’s immune response,” says Dr Nor Adinar. “Some people have gingivitis into their senior years without it progressing to chronic periodontitis, while others may develop chronic issues at a young age.”

Treating and preventing gum disease
For those with gingivitis, basic treatments include scaling and polishing. “Scaling removes calculus and plaque, while polishing gives teeth a smooth finish,” Dr Nor Adinar explains. These professional treatments are essential, but they’re no substitute for a good daily routine—brushing twice daily and flossing can make all the difference.

With regular care, you can keep gum disease at bay and maintain a healthy smile.

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