Malaysian women face declining workforce participation: A contrast to global trends
April 15, 2025
In Malaysia, women enter the workforce in their 20s, participation peaks in their late 20s or early 30s, and then steadily declines. Unlike countries such as Japan, the United States, France, and Germany, where women often return to work after child-rearing, Malaysian women rarely do.
At 32, she left her promising job, filled with ambition and potential. Ten years later, she still struggles to re-enter the workforce. This is not just her story; it reflects a national trend. In Malaysia, many women, like her, step away from their careers due to marriage, caregiving responsibilities, and the unspoken expectations that often accompany these life changes. Initially, they intend this break to be temporary, but a decade later, many find themselves still on the sidelines.
As Nurfazlina Kamarulbahrin, an analyst in social protection and financial literacy, notes, “In Malaysia, the female labor force participation curve follows a single-peak pattern: Women enter the workforce in their 20s, participation peaks in their late 20s or early 30s, and then steadily declines.” Unlike countries such as Japan, the United States, France, and Germany, where women often return to work after child-rearing (creating a double-peak pattern), Malaysian women rarely do. The statistics are telling. As of August 2024, female labor force participation stands at just 56.8%, compared to 83.3% for men. Women earn only RM66 for every RM100 earned by men, and 59% of female-headed households live below the poverty line. By age 54, women hold 29% less in EPF (Employees Provident Fund) savings than their male counterparts, and 40% of Malaysian workers lack social protection—disproportionately affecting those in the informal sector. When women rise, economies thrive Women represent an essential part of the labor market, yet their full potential remains largely untapped. With 11.8 million women of working age (15–64 years old) and a labor force participation rate of 56.8%, increasing their presence in high-skilled roles can accelerate economic growth, strengthen industries, and drive innovation. By recognizing and supporting their contributions, we pave the way for a more resilient and dynamic workforce. Currently, the majority of women in the workforce are employed in administration and services, while the manufacturing sector boasts the highest female representation. Nearly half (47.4%) of these women work in large enterprises, predominantly based in Klang Valley, showcasing their strong presence in key economic hubs. As more women step into leadership and technical roles, businesses benefit from diverse perspectives, enhanced decision-making, and a more inclusive workplace culture. Dr Mohammed Azman Aziz, CEO of PERKESO and President of ISSA, emphasizes this point. Investing in women in the workforce is not merely a matter of fairness; it is a strategic move towards building a stronger future. Increasing women’s participation in the labor market enhances gender equality, promotes economic inclusion, and unlocks hidden potential. By fostering a culture that values and uplifts women, we are shaping a sustainable and prosperous economy for generations to come. To every woman in the workforce: your ambition, resilience, and determination are transforming industries and shaping the future. Keep pushing boundaries, seizing opportunities, and making an impact. The world rises when you do. |
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