Fibroadenoma, a common benign breast lump prevalent in younger individuals

Updated December 7, 2023

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By Professor Dr See Mee Hoong
Consultant Oncoplastic Breast Surgeon,
UM Specialist Centre

Fibroadenoma, a benign breast lump, is a prevalent occurrence, appearing in 80 to 90 percent of patients. Primarily found in younger individuals, this type of lump comprises a mix of glandular, ductal, and fibrous tissues, forming a well-encapsulated mass.

There are two distinct types of fibroadenoma. The first is a solitary, easily mobile, and entirely benign form. The second, a multiple variant, manifests as numerous small lesions, sometimes affecting young girls as early as 15 years old.

Further classification identifies two variations within these types: the hard and the soft. The hard type is constantly palpable, akin to a mobile mass within the breast. Conversely, the soft type, owing to increased supporting tissues, tends to grow at a faster rate. Occasionally, both types may coexist within the same breast.

While fibroadenoma itself is non-cancerous, uncertainties persist regarding its potential to cause cancer. Studies suggest a minute risk associated with fibroadenoma compared to the general population, primarily stemming from hormonal changes despite the disease being benign in nature.

Typically, for lumps under four centimeters, observation is favored over removal, as regression is plausible. However, concern arises with lumps exceeding this size threshold, as they could indicate phyllodes tumors, prompting surgical intervention.

For newly detected lesions, a follow-up every six months for four cycles is recommended. Regression might occur if there's no further growth, although outcomes vary. Smaller lesions ranging from half a centimeter to one centimeter possess a higher probability of rapid regression. Despite their benign nature, larger-sized fibroadenomas warrant attention, but smaller ones generally do not cause significant concern.

Overall, fibroadenoma, while usually benign, requires monitoring and evaluation based on its size and characteristics to ascertain the necessity for intervention.